Initial Responders

First Responders are good but they can’t do it all

FBI Lends a Hand

It was reported by USA Today that the FBI is going to deploy 200 agents across the nation to train local police departments in the latest tactics for responding to active shooters.  This ambitious effort is aiming to deliver training to some 30,000 police officers who may have to protect schools, businesses or other public places from these actors.  

Review and Study

The impetus of the training is in part due to the horrifying events at Newtown in 2012 but it is also the result of a 14 year study that indicated a definite uptick in the number of active shooter incidents across the United States.

More than target practice

The training is two days in length and has been developed in partnership with Texas State University. It includes tactical content as well as emergency medical response skills.  The overall desire is to get officers to run toward gunfire as quickly as possible and neutralize the threat.

Odds are against

While this effort is no doubt beneficial and someday may save lives, it must be understood that most shooting incidents end before law enforcement can intervene.  The FBI’s study revealed that the shooter either kills himself or is stopped by a bystander two-thirds of the time.

Life saving skill

This ratio was not lost on CSI when it was developing the Sensible Solutions school safety program. Included in the program is the concept of Initial Responder which is based on the premise that bystanders were likely going to bear the burden of effective action against a shooter.

Know your role

Dr. David Benke - Initial Responder
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In every institution where Sensible Solutions is deployed, the Initial Responder has a job.  That job may be to do nothing more than hide.  However, this is critical because it creates an orderly response to a chaotic event.  The program identifies other Initial Responders who have the capacity – mental and physical – to carry out jobs that not everyone can do.  Some may be tasked to intervene while others lead the herd to safety.  It all depends upon the individual and the inherent characteristics of the venue that defines the role of the Initial Responder.

Plan on stepping up

Fortunately, in the United States, we are blessed with top flight First Responders.  And programs like the one the FBI is rolling out will undoubtedly build upon their preparedness.  However, First Responders have limitations and one of those is the time they need to react.  The gap must be filled by those who are caught in the crossfire.  It would seem that given the percentages, bystander preparedness training must also be included in any security program.  

Angry Employees

Services Private Investigators Can Provide When Employees Pose a Threat

Cornered and Scared

Employees can get backed into a corner when their perception (true or false) is that they are going to lose their job or are going to be disciplined from an employer.  People react differently to adversity.  Some do well and handle tough news appropriately.  Others yell and argue but it is really just barking without the bite.  And then there are others who perceive a great injustice befell them through no fault of their own.  These may be the employees who pose a threat to the company and their co-workers.

Who are these people? 

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Socially, these people may be perfectly functional.  They are able to get along with others and may even be leaders.  But just below the surface lies a crippling character flaw.  This flaw leaves them fragile as a result of rejection of one sort or another.  They basically cannot handle what life throws at them.  This trait was recently on display in California where a troubled young man evolved into a mass murder.  By his own admission, his ego could not handle being rejected by females and as a result, he could not cope with it.  This is certainly one of many factors of his personality but probably contributed to his actions.

The big clue

Of course this is an extreme case of violent reaction and there is no doubt about this person’s historical mental trouble.  However, there is something to learn from active shooter behavior which could benefit business leaders when trying to discern dangerous employees.  While there is a continuum of fragility and a person’s capacity to act out, one key to look for is an enduring and consuming grievance they are dealing with.  This trait is manifested in an escalation of behavior which can be detected if you are tuned in.  Suffice to say, the biggest clue is that these people often broadcast their intentions prior to causing problems.

Semper Paratus (Always Ready)

While it can be scary to think that you may have someone capable of murder lurking within your ranks, it should be pointed out that the probability of workplace shooters remains low.  While you should always consider this possibility, know there are more frequently occurring types of violent behaviors which work place managers must contend with.  These risks need to be addressed as both a probability and a reality.  Training, preparation and consulting with professional help when developing plans of action are always recommended.

Help is available

Here are come common services provided by professional investigators to companies that suspect potential employee violence or disruption when termination or discipline is dispensed.

• Background research – This passive option is used to find out what may be lurking in public records or in social media that may provide insights into motives and potential behavior.  
• Investigation – This active option is often overlooked. Talking with the subject, his co-workers, family and neighbors may best be handled by someone representing the interests of the company.  
• Security presence – Having security on-site at critical junctures, either overtly or covertly can provide peace of mind and confidence for those company officials carrying out the necessary actions.  And if something does go awry, the protection is there, just steps away.  
• Surveillance – Often, after an employee is let go, his actions are observed for a few days to make sure he is not planning on coming back to cause chaos.  
• Executive Protection – This goes beyond the protection of company executives but may may also be extended to their family members if the situation is deemed serious enough.  
• Police Liaison – Coordination with local law enforcement is enhanced by professionals who know how to communicate in the language police speak.  It also frees the company to concentrate on the business side of things while receiving concise updates of police activity or requests through the investigator.    

Bent Minds

A criminal psychologist identifies traits of psychopathy and asserts some characteristics may be useful

Secret Looking Glass

One of the best skills an investigator can have is an innate ability to read people.  And what reading a person is exactly may be debatable.  Suffice to say, this ability affords some with being able to see through disguises or to unconsciously detect unseen clues about the true nature and motivations of people. Sure, some skills related to understanding the behaviors and intentions of people can be taught but when it comes to this so called sixth sense, it is truly a gift.

Advantage for the good

The investigator who can capture some hidden essence about a subject, whether it be a client, witness or suspect, gains an invaluable upper hand. With this feeling or intuition, the investigator realizes a great vision which allows for maneuverability when aptly applied.  The investigator is able to avoid pitfalls and dead ends and it may help with quickly finding the truth.

Advantage for the not-so-good

Interestingly, persons diagnosed with psychopathic tendencies may also possess the characteristics of someone who can effectually read people.  In a recent article about the work of Professor Robert Hare who is a criminal psychologist, he identifies a set of attributes psychopaths typically possess. One of which was the ability to be cunning and manipulative.

Tables turned

Dr Hare’s research indicates psychopaths somehow know what you’re feeling, but are unable to feel it themselves.  And because of this, psychopaths can understand what you’re thinking and can use you against yourself because they don’t care.  This begs the question: What does the investigator do when confronted with someone who is more cunning and manipulative than you?

Test yourself

According you Dr. Hare, you or someone you know could fall on the psychopathy spectrum.  The characteristics of a psychopath, as identified by Dr. Hare are listed below.  Score it 0 if it does not apply, 1 if it partially applies or 2 if it fully applies.

1. Glibness and superficial charm  

   

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2. Grandiose sense of self-worth 
3. Pathological lying
4. Cunning/manipulative 
5. Lack of remorse 
6. Emotional shallowness 
7. Callousness and lack of empathy 
8. Unwillingness to accept responsibility for actions 
9. A tendency to boredom 
10. A parasitic lifestyle 
11. A lack of realistic long-term goals 
12. Impulsivity 
13. Irresponsibility 
14. Lack of behavioral control 
15. Behavioral problems in early life 
16. Juvenile delinquency 
17. Criminal versatility 
18. A history of “revocation of conditional release” (i.e. broken parole)
19. Multiple marriages 
20. Promiscuous sexual behavior

According to Dr. Hare a “pure, prototypical psychopath would score 40. A score of 30 or more qualifies for a diagnosis of psychopath.”

Use it to your advantage

Dr. Hare goes on to assert that some psychopathic traits can be beneficial.   For example, being cunning and manipulative can certainly a desirable attribute, especially if you are a professional investigator.  But is being cunning and manipulative the same as having the ability to read people. From an intent perspective, both afford the ability to gain the upper hand. The difference lies in how the person being read suffers from the encounter.

Match of wits

Not every interviewee will be a game of high stakes chess like Clarice versus Hannibal in the Silence of the Lambs.  But, if Dr. Hare’s assertion is true and there is a spectrum of psycohpathy, then it would be incumbent upon the investigator to seek out these signs in the people they encounter.  While only a professional can label someone a psychopath, the astute person can certainly read the tea leaves and leverage that information to their advantage.  Is that psychotic or what?

Balancing Investigation While Imposing Corporate Will

Using a professional investigator reduces friction while strengthening corporate standing

Busted and Frayed

Have you ever been hauled in front of the principal?  Ever been pulled over by the cops? Ever been taken to task by a customer?  These are some common instances where you are confronted by an authority; a person or institution that can impose their will upon you.  And when that will is imposed, it can cause a pit in your stomach.  That pressure applied to your conscious tells you to think twice before doing that again.  

This is a desired effect of someone or an institution wanting to change your behavior.  It is not life threatening, but it certainly has an emotional and psychological impact.  More often than not, the experience is going to change your behavior.  

Will it or Won’t it

When faced with delicate issues, often internal and employee related, a business can use the imposition of its corporate will to effect positive change. Similar to being pulled over by a police officer for speeding, the impact stops the behavior and you are likely drive slower going forward, even when you get off with a warning.  But in a business setting, finding the right cop can be a difficult proposition.

If, for example, there is a concern by a business owner or department head that employee misdeeds are taking place, the objective would be to halt the behavior and fix it.  In a case involving employee theft, a common reaction is for the ranking supervisor to conduct the investigation.  That is not always the best way to go about resolving the problem.  The perception employees have of their supervisor’s authority to conduct an investigation of theft is diminished somewhat because the theft is being perpetrated right under their noses. Further, the supervisor may not be qualified or have the nerve to conduct such an investigation.  They are then perceived as someone who could not effectively impose the corporate will.  If they cannot impose a will, they may not be able to resolve the issue.  

Thoughtful Force

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Internal theft is an obvious issue where businesses could utilize an investigator to resolve the problem.  Consider the following: The issue is professionally investigated, and from the findings, corrective action is applied.  Importantly, the investigator is seen as someone who effectively imposes the corporate will.  And sometimes a deterring impact is more desirable for the health of your business than a referral to law enforcement or some other resolution that might demoralize and distract employees. Utilizing an investigator also reduces potential friction between management and employees. It helps deflect animosity by placing the act of imposing the will of the company on the investigator even though the investigator works for the company.  This subtle shift goes a long way to maintaining critical working relationships.  

Theft and Beyond

Opportunities for involving an investigator go beyond general theft issues. Consider use of investigators in the following circumstances:  

• Mediate employee disputes 
• Thwart office bullying    
• Redirect extramarital affairs that have their origins in the workforce and are causing disruptions 
• Mitigate threats of workplace violence 
• Control domestic disputes of employees spilling over into the workplace.
• Investigate sabotage, employee espionage and security violations  
• Conduct a variety of compliance audits 

As situations are evaluated, outcomes must be considered.  Deciding on utilizing an investigator could be wise if confronted with these scenarios:  

• Intervention by supervisors, management or directors may result in undesirable outcomes
• Important working relationships could deteriorate or be destroyed if the intervention is done internally
• The situation could trigger law enforcement intervention but you’d like to resolve it before it gets that far. 
• You don’t want to put your management staff in a situation that they are not equipped to handle.
• You don’t want your employees dismissed and your operation turned upside down but you want the behavior and culture to change.  

Professional investigators offer business thinkers the opportunity to retain control of the situation and resolution by extending their authority through them. This buffer can preserve the company’s relationship with their employees when tough love needs to be administered.